JLPT Grammar List
Every grammar point from N5 to N1, with how to form it and example sentences.
JLPT N1
244
| Noun を前提として | Used to express 'on the assumption of', 'based on'. | |
| Noun を前提にして | Assuming; presupposing; on the assumption of. | |
| Noun を境にして | Means 'as a turning point', 'since (time)', or 'from (time) on'. | |
| Noun を機にして | To take the opportunity to; taking the occasion to; on the occasion of. | |
| Noun を皮切りに / を皮切りにして | Used to indicate the starting point of some series of events or actions; 'starting with', 'beginning with'. | |
| Noun を皮切りにして | Used to express 'Starting with', 'Beginning with' | |
| Noun を禁じ得ない | Express an emotion that wells up and cannot be held back; 'cannot help feeling', 'cannot suppress'. | |
| Noun を経て | Expresses the idea of 'through' or 'via'; going through some process or phase. | |
| Noun を踏まえて | Based on; taking into account; in light of | |
| Noun を限りに | Mark the last day or occasion after which something stops or ends; 'as of', 'with ~ as the last time'. | |
| Noun 並み | Indicates 'like' or 'as' something or someone; 'equivalent to', 'around'. | |
| Noun + 前提で | Expresses a condition or requirement for something to be established: 'on the assumption that', 'under the condition of'. | |
| Verbる / Noun(である) + 限り(は) | Expresses 'as long as', 'while this condition is true'. | |
| Verb がてら | Expresses doing something while doing another; 'while', 'on the occasion of'. | |
| Verb こそすれ | Often used in the pattern 'Xこそすれ、Y〜ない', meaning 'One might do X, but definitely not Y'. | |
| Verb ざるを得ない | 'Cannot but', 'have no choice but to', 'forced to' | |
| Verb ずじまい | Expressing regret for not having done something; not being able to; missing the chance to do it. | |
| Verb ずとも | Means 'Even without doing (X), (Y) can still happen'. | |
| Verb ずにはおかない | Something is bound to cause a reaction, or the speaker is determined to do something; 'cannot fail to', 'will definitely'. | |
| Verb ずにはすまない | Express that the situation will not be settled unless an action is done; 'will have to', 'cannot get away without doing'. | |
| Verb そうにない | Expresses unlikelihood or that something does not seem likely to happen. | |
| Verb そうもない | Express the speaker's judgment that something is very unlikely to happen; 'it doesn't look like', 'not likely to'. | |
| Verb そばから | Express that something is undone or spoiled as soon as it is done, again and again; 'no sooner... than', 'as soon as'. | |
| Verb たが最後 | Emphasizes 'once something happens, there is no going back'; 'once', 'as soon as', etc. | |
| Verb たことにしてください | Asking someone to pretend or accept that something has already happened or taken a certain state. | |
| Verb たら Verb たで | Express that if something happens, it brings its own problems or can still be handled; 'if that happens, then', 'in its own way'. | |
| Verb たら きりがない | Indicates an endless or unending cycle once an action is started; 'if one starts doing something, it will not stop.' | |
| Verb たら最後 | Expresses that once a certain action happens, the situation changes irreversibly, usually in a negative way. | |
| Verb つ Verb つ | Two opposite or paired actions alternating, in fixed expressions (行きつ戻りつ, 持ちつ持たれつ, 抜きつ抜かれつ); 'back and forth', 'mutually'. | |
| Verb てからというもの | Expresses that ever since a certain event happened, a condition has continued until now. | |
| Verb てこそ | Emphasizes 'only by doing something, a certain result or realization can occur.' | |
| Verb ては | Expresses a repeated pattern or cycle, often implying a frustrating outcome; 'whenever X happens, Y happens again.' | |
| Verb ては Verb | Expresses a repeated pattern of action; translates as 'every time', 'whenever', etc. | |
| Verb てまでも | Expresses 'even if it means doing...', 'no matter what it takes'. | |
| Verb てみせる | Show someone how to do something, or strongly declare you will do it; 'demonstrate', 'I'll show you', 'you'll see'. | |
| Verb てやまない | Used with certain emotional/mental verbs to show a strong, unceasing emotion: 'can't stop', 'never cease to'. | |
| Verb ないではおかない | Express that something is bound to cause a reaction, or firm resolve to make something happen; 'is bound to', 'will surely make'. | |
| Verb ないではすまない | 'Cannot end without doing', 'must do': an unavoidable moral or social necessity. | |
| Verb ないまでも | 'Even if not to the extent of...', 'although not completely...'. | |
| Verb ないものだろうか | Expressing hope or wonder if something can be done: 'Isn't there a way...?', 'Can't we...?' | |
| Verb ないものでもない | Express reluctant willingness or a possibility that is not ruled out; 'it's not that I won't', 'I might', 'not out of the question'. | |
| Verb の ない Noun | Describe a noun by what it lacks; 'a Noun without ~', 'a Noun with no ~'; with verbs use ことのない, 'never ~'. | |
| Verb ば きりがない | Indicates there's no end once you start listing, doing, or saying something: 'If one starts to..., there will be no end.' | |
| Verb もしないで | Means 'without even doing'. | |
| Verb やしない | Strongly deny that something happens or will happen, often with irritation; 'won't ever', 'not at all', 'no way'. | |
| Verb よう | Express the way or manner of doing something, mostly in set patterns like ようがない; 'the way of doing', 'how to'. | |
| Verb ようか Verbるまいか | Expresses indecision: 'Should I do it or not?'. | |
| Verb ようが Verb るまいが | Expresses 'whether or not', 'no matter if something happens or not'. | |
| Verb ようがない | Expresses 'no way to do something,' 'impossible to do'. | |
| Verb ようと Verbる まいと | This structure indicates that regardless of whether one does (verb) or not, the outcome/attitude remains unchanged. |
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