JLPT Grammar List
Every grammar point from N5 to N1, with how to form it and example sentences.
JLPT N5
146
| A は B だ／です | Connects a topic to what it is, states that A is B. | |
| い-adjectives | One of the two main types of adjectives in Japanese that end in い in their dictionary form. They can directly modify nouns and function as predicates without additional words. | |
| A。でも、～B。(A. Demo, ~B) | Used to express contrast between two statements; 'A, but B', 'A, however B'. | |
| ～から | Express a reason or cause; 'because', 'since', 'due to'. | |
| か | The question particle か is used to form questions in Japanese. It can be used for yes/no questions, alternative questions, and embedded questions. | |
| どうして | Ask for a reason, in casual or polite speech; 'why', 'how come'. | |
| 一緒に | An adverbial phrase meaning 'together' or 'with,' used to indicate that an action is performed jointly with someone else or as part of a group. | |
| ではない | The plain (dictionary) form of negation for nouns and na-adjectives, equivalent to 'is not' or 'are not'. More deliberate than じゃない but not polite. Use ではありません for polite speech. | |
| ～まで | Marks an end point in time or place; 'until', 'up to', 'as far as'. | |
| Noun は～ | Used to mark the topic of a sentence; 'as for', 'speaking of'. | |
| Noun に～ | Express a specific direction, target or purpose; 'to', 'toward', 'for'. | |
| Noun に 来ます | Used to express coming to a place. | |
| Noun も〜 | Indicates that the action or state is the same for multiple items or people; 'also', 'as well'. | |
| Nounで～ | Indicate a place or means for an action or situation; 'at, in, on', 'using', or 'by means of'. | |
| い-Adjective: Negative Polite Form | Change an い-adjective into a polite negative form with ～くないです (or ～くありません). | |
| な-Adjective で～ | Usage of で to connect or add information with a な-adjective. | |
| Noun を〜 | Indicates the direct object of a verb. | |
| Verb て～ | A verb conjugation that connects actions or states. | |
| Verb て います | Express ongoing action or state; 'is doing', 'is doing (continuous)', 'has been doing'. | |
| Verb て ください | A request or command; 'please do'. | |
| ～あります | Indicate possession or existence of inanimate objects; 'there is', 'there are'. | |
| Verb ましょう | Making a suggestion or invitation; 'let's' or 'shall we'. | |
| Verb ましょうか。 | Used to make a polite suggestion or offer help; 'shall we', 'should we', 'do you want me to'. | |
| Verb ませんか。 | An invitation or suggestion; 'won't you', 'why don't you', 'shall we'. | |
| いくつ～ | Ask how many things there are or someone's age; 'how many', 'how old'. | |
| ～いかがですか。 | A polite way to ask someone's thoughts, opinions, or preferences; 'how about', 'how is'. | |
| ～て います | Expresses the present continuous or ongoing action; 'to be doing', 'currently doing'. | |
| ～が | Particle indicating the subject of a sentence or expressing 'but'. | |
| それから、～ | Meaning 'after that', 'and then' or 'then', indicating sequence of events. | |
| ～どう しますか。 | Asking for someone's opinion or decision; 'what will you do?', 'how will you handle it?'. | |
| Verb た あとで | Indicates an action that takes place after another action. | |
| Noun の あとで | Expresses the order of events; 'after', 'later than'. | |
| Verb る 前に | Express that the main action happens before another action; 'before doing'. | |
| Noun の 前に | Two related uses: spatial, 'in front of' a place or person, and temporal, 'before' an event or time. | |
| Verb たいです | Express desire or want to do something; 'I want to', 'I would like to'. | |
| Noun がほしいです | Express a desire or wanting something; 'I want', 'I would like'. | |
| ～が 私に くれます | Used to express that someone gives a gift or favor to 'me'; 'someone gives me'. | |
| ～どうですか。 | Ask someone's opinion or how something is, or make a suggestion; 'how is', 'how about', 'what do you think of'. | |
| ～どう 言いますか。 | Asking for the way to say something; 'how do you say'. | |
| ～から もらいます | To receive something from someone; 'to get from', 'to receive from'. | |
| A は B が〜 | Describe a feature of topic A, such as a part of it or what it likes or can do; 'as for A, B is ~', 'A has a ~ B'. | |
| Noun が できます | Express the ability to do something. | |
| Verb る こと が できます | Express ability or possibility polite form. | |
| Verb る こと ができる | Express ability or possibility. | |
| Verb ること～ | Express an action or event as a noun; 'the act of', 'doing'. | |
| Verb る の～ | Turn a verb into a noun so it can take が, を or は; '-ing', 'to do'. | |
| ～とき | Expresses the time when something happens, 'when', 'at the time'. | |
| い-Adjective く + Verb | Used to connect an い-adjective to a verb, modifying the verb (adverbial usage). | |
| い-Adjective て | Link an い-adjective to another description, or give a reason; 'and', 'so'. | |
| ～なんと 言いますか。 | Asking how something is called or referred to; 'how do you say' |
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