JLPT Grammar List
Every grammar point from N5 to N1, with how to form it and example sentences.
JLPT N1
244
| Noun1 が Noun1 なら、 Noun2 も Noun2 だ | Criticizes both sides as equally bad; 'like A, like B', 'A is bad and B is no better'. | |
| Noun1 も Noun1 なら、Noun2 も Noun2 だ | Criticizes two parties as equally bad; 'A is bad, and B is no better'. | |
| A うが B うが | Expresses the idea of 'no matter how... or', 'even if... or'. | |
| A うと B うと | Shows that the speaker is indifferent to both conditions; 'whether A or B'. | |
| A かたわら B | Do a side activity alongside one's main job or role over a long period; 'while also', 'besides', 'alongside'. | |
| A かれ B かれ | Pairs opposite い-adjective stems in fixed expressions (遅かれ早かれ, 多かれ少なかれ, 良かれ悪しかれ); 'whether A or B', 'sooner or later'. | |
| A だの B だの | Used to list examples (often with a critical or complaining tone); 'things like A, B, etc.'. | |
| A であれ B であれ | Indicates the same statement applies to both A and B; 'whether A or B'. | |
| A というか B というか | Offer two descriptions when no single word fits, then comment; 'A, or maybe B', 'you could call it A or B'. | |
| A とも B とも | Something cannot be clearly labeled as A or B; 'could be either A or B', 'neither A nor B can be said'. | |
| A にしろ B にしろ | Means 'whether it is A or B'; 'regardless of A or B'. | |
| A にせよ B にせよ | Either A or B; Regardless of whether it's A or B. | |
| A につけ B につけ | Expresses 'whether... or...', 'both... and...', 'in either case'. | |
| A のやら B のやら | Used when the speaker is unsure or confused between multiple possibilities. | |
| Noun + あっての + Noun | Expresses 'B cannot exist without A'; 'B only exists because of A'. | |
| Noun かたがた | Do one thing while also doing another; 'while', 'and at the same time'. | |
| Noun がてら | Do one action, usually going somewhere, that also serves another purpose; 'while', 'partly as', 'combined with'. | |
| Noun からある | Used with large numbers or measurements to emphasize 'at least that many' or 'no less than.' | |
| Noun からする | Follow an amount of money to stress that a price is surprisingly high; 'costs as much as', 'no less than'. | |
| Noun からの | Defines the starting point or the origin; 'from'. | |
| Noun から言わせれば | Express the perspective of the noun; 'from ~'s point of view.' | |
| Noun + ぐるみ | Describes 'entirely', 'all together', or 'as a whole group'. | |
| Noun こそあれ | Expresses 'though there is ... (some negative or burdensome aspect), still ...'. | |
| Noun こそ～が | Admit one point about something, often a weak one, then add a contrasting point; 'it is true that ~, but', 'while ~, ...'. | |
| Noun こそすれ | Stresses that one thing happens and certainly not its opposite; 'if anything, ~; never ~'. | |
| Noun ごとき / Noun ごとく | Means 'like a...', 'as if...', expressing a simile or metaphor. | |
| Noun じゃあるまいし | Point out that someone is not something in order to criticize their behavior; 'it's not as if ~, so', 'you're not ~, so'. | |
| Noun ずくめ | Denotes 'entirely' or 'nothing but' the preceding noun. | |
| Noun だけではすまない | Expresses 'it can't be settled with just...', 'cannot be resolved merely by...'. | |
| Noun たりとも～ない | Used to show a strong negative: 'not even ~', 'not a single ~'. | |
| Noun たる Noun | Indicates 'being in the position/state of', used for roles or statuses. | |
| Noun ですら | Means 'even', 'as much as', used for emphasis in formal contexts. | |
| Noun でなくてなんだろう | A strong rhetorical question: 'If not X, then what is it?' | |
| Noun ではあるまいし | Means 'it’s not as if...', 'it’s not that...', more formal than じゃあるまいし. | |
| Noun と Noun を兼ねて | Used to indicate doing two things at once or fulfilling two roles/purposes. | |
| Noun といい Noun といい | Used to express 'both A and B'; 'whether it's A or B'; 'not to mention A and also B'. | |
| Noun という Noun | Used to specify or define one noun with another; 'the noun called', 'the noun that is', or 'a certain'. | |
| Noun というところだ | Means 'it's approximately...' or 'it's about...'. Used to show approximation or a general assessment. | |
| Noun + というもの | Used to express a generic concept: 'all ~', 'any ~ of that kind'. | |
| Noun といったところだ | Give a rough estimate of an amount or level, implying it is not much; 'about', 'at most', 'only about'. | |
| Noun といわず Noun といわず | Expresses 'both A and B' or 'be it A or B'; applies to both without distinction. | |
| Noun + ときたら | Introduce a person or thing the speaker is exasperated with, followed by a complaint; 'when it comes to', 'honestly'. | |
| Noun とは比べものにならない | Indicates something is not comparable; 'beyond comparison'. | |
| Noun + ともあろう + Noun | Used to criticize or question unbecoming behavior by someone of a certain status. | |
| Noun ともなると | 'When it comes to...', emphasizes a change of situation or status. | |
| Noun ともなれば | Say that once a notable level or stage is reached, a certain result is natural or expected; 'once it comes to', 'when you reach'. | |
| Noun と相まって | Used to express 'in combination with', 'together with', 'along with'. | |
| Noun なくして～はない | Expresses 'without ~, there can't be ~'; 'can't do ~ without first doing ~'. | |
| Noun なしでは～ない | Expresses the necessity of something; 'cannot do without', 'not possible without'. | |
| Noun なしには～ない | Means 'without', 'cannot do without', 'not possible without'. |
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