JLPT Grammar List
Every grammar point from N5 to N1, with how to form it and example sentences.
JLPT N2
173
| ～でばかりはいられない | Cannot afford to only do something; cannot always rely on it. | |
| ～でならない | Indicates an uncontrollable emotion or feeling; 'can’t help but', 'overwhelmingly'. | |
| ～でたまらない | Express extremely strong feelings or sensations; 'can't stand', 'unbearably'. | |
| ～でしょうがない | Expresses an intense emotional or physical state; 'extremely', 'can’t help but'. | |
| ～ずにはいられない | Cannot help but do something driven by a strong inner emotional impulse. Formal/literary style. | |
| ～さえ～ば | Expresses that, as long as a certain condition is met, something else will follow; 'if only', 'provided that'. | |
| ～てまで | Express the extent someone goes in order to achieve something; 'to the point of', 'even', 'so far as to'. | |
| ～て当然だ | Expresses that something is natural or expected. | |
| ～ではないか | Strongly assert a view or surprise, or with volitional form make a call to action; 'isn't it!', 'you know!', 'let's'. | |
| ～ねばならない | Expresses obligation or necessity; 'must', 'have to', 'need to'. | |
| ～ざるを得ない | Express being forced by circumstances to do something against one's wishes; 'have no choice but to', 'cannot help but'. | |
| ～べきではない | Express that an action should not be done; 'should not', 'ought not to'. | |
| ～はともかく～は | Set one thing aside for now and comment on another; 'setting A aside', 'A aside', 'regardless of A'. | |
| ～はもとより | Expressing that something is obvious, and there is also something else. | |
| ～はまだしも | Expresses that while the first item is somewhat acceptable, the second item is not. | |
| ～は抜きにして | Leaving aside, excluding. | |
| ～ないではいられない | Cannot help but do something driven by strong feelings or urge. Conversational form of ずにはいられない. | |
| ～のみならず～も | Not only... but also; as well as. | |
| ～上に | Express 'in addition to', 'besides', 'not only... but also'. | |
| ～上で | Express doing something after a necessary step, or what matters in doing something; 'after', 'upon', 'in doing', 'for'. | |
| ～上は | Expresses 'now that', 'since', or 'once'. | |
| 〜の上では | Indicates 'on the basis of', 'in terms of', or 'from the standpoint of'. | |
| ～の下で | Express doing something under someone's guidance or within certain rules or conditions; 'under', 'under the guidance of'. | |
| ～限り | Expresses 'as long as', 'while', or 'to the extent that' a certain condition holds true. | |
| ～あまり | Expresses the result of doing something excessively or beyond a certain point. | |
| ～ものだ | Expresses something natural or expected; 'it is normal that...', 'should', 'ought to'. | |
| ～ものの、～ | Indicates contrast or contradiction between two clauses; 'although', 'but'. | |
| ～ものではない | Expresses a strong negative suggestion or prohibition: 'should not', 'must not'. | |
| ～ものがある | Express a strong impression or feeling; 'there's something about it that...' | |
| ～ものだから | Express the reason or cause for something; 'because', 'since', 'due to'. | |
| ～ものなら | Expresses a conditional wish or unlikely possibility; 'if only', 'if it were possible'. | |
| ～ものか | Definitely not; no way; no chance. | |
| ～ないこともない | Used to express an action or state is 'not impossible', but emphasizes reluctance or doubt. | |
| ～に先立ち | Express an action or event that occurs before another; 'before', 'prior to', 'preceding'. | |
| ～かねる | Express inability or impossibility of doing an action (often as a polite refusal). | |
| ～かねない | Express the likelihood of a negative outcome or consequence. | |
| ～か～まいか | Used to express a dilemma or indecision between two options or actions. | |
| ～からこそ | Express the emphasis on the reason; 'precisely because', 'it is precisely because'. | |
| ～からといって | Expresses 'just because...doesn't mean' or 'even though...not necessarily'. | |
| ～からには | Express a sense of responsibility or determination; 'since', 'now that', 'if'. | |
| 〜からして | Single out one basic part as showing the whole or as grounds for a judgment; 'even', 'judging from', 'starting with'. | |
| ～からすると | Expresses a judgment or evaluation based on a certain standard; 'from this perspective', 'considering', 'judging from'. | |
| ～から見ると | Express a perspective or point of view; 'from the standpoint of', 'in terms of', 'from the perspective of'. | |
| ～から言うと | Express a judgment or opinion based on a specific criterion; 'speaking from', 'in terms of', 'from the viewpoint of'. | |
| ～以上 | Express that because something is a fact, a duty or decision must follow; 'since', 'now that', 'as long as'. | |
| ～以来 | Indicates something happening 'since', 'ever since', or 'after' a particular time. | |
| ～一方 | Indicates that while one action or situation is happening, another action or situation is also occurring or is in contrast. | |
| ～一方だ | Expresses that a situation or condition is continuing to increase or decrease in one direction. | |
| ～反面 | Express contrast between two aspects; 'on the one hand', 'on the other hand'. | |
| ～だけあって | Expresses that something is as expected or deserves its reputation. |
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