JLPT Grammar List
Every grammar point from N5 to N1, with how to form it and example sentences.
JLPT N3
124
| ～によれば | Cite the source of information you heard or read; 'according to'. | |
| ～にとって | Express the meaning 'for', 'to', 'from the perspective of'. | |
| ～にしては | Express 'for' or 'considering' in the sense of being unusual or unexpected. | |
| ～にしても | Expresses 'even if', 'no matter', 'regardless of'. | |
| ～に比べて | Comparing to; in comparison with; as opposed to. | |
| ～わりには | Expresses contrast between expectation and reality; 'despite', 'considering', 'even though'. | |
| ～かわりに | In place of; instead of; as a substitute for. | |
| ～にかわって | Expresses 'in place of', 'on behalf of', or 'instead of'. | |
| ～おかげで | Expresses gratitude or shows a positive result due to a certain factor; 'thanks to', 'because of'. | |
| ～せいで | Indicates that something or someone caused an unfortunate result. | |
| ～ついでに | Do something extra, using a main action as a chance; 'while you're at it', 'since I'm already doing'. | |
| ～そのために | For the purpose of; because of; in order to. | |
| ～その結果 | Shows the result or consequence of a previous action or situation; 'as a result', 'in consequence'. | |
| A その上 B | Add a further fact in the same direction as the first; 'on top of that', 'besides', 'furthermore'. | |
| ～はもちろん～も | Used for emphasizing that not only one thing but also another thing is included. It means 'not only... but also' or 'of course... and...'. | |
| ～など | Indicates a non-exhaustive list of examples; 'such as', 'things like', 'among others'. | |
| ～なんか | Expresses the idea of 'things like' or 'something like', used for listing examples or downplaying something. | |
| ～として | Indicates a role, capacity, or identity; 'as', 'in the capacity of'. | |
| ～なぜなら | Express a reason or explanation; 'because', 'the reason is'. | |
| ですから～ | Introduce a result or conclusion that follows from the previous sentence, politely; 'so', 'therefore'. | |
| ～つまり | Summarizing, restating, or clarifying a point: 'in other words', 'that is to say'. | |
| ～それと～ | Used to link two or more items; 'and', 'also'. | |
| ～？それとも～？ | Presents two alternatives or choices; 'or', 'either...or'. | |
| ～られた | Express a passive action, 'was/were', 'has/have been'. |
Learn them with Nihondex
Spaced repetition, mnemonics and quizzes, from N5 to N1. Free to start.