JLPT Grammar List
Every grammar point from N5 to N1, with how to form it and example sentences.
JLPT N4
120
| ～たら いかがですか | Making polite suggestions; 'how about if', 'what if', 'it would be good if'. | |
| Verb て くれる | Expresses that someone does something for the speaker (or another person in speaker's group); 'to do something for me/us'. | |
| Verb てくれませんか | A polite way to request someone to do something for you; 'Could you please', 'Would you please', 'Won't you'. | |
| Verb て くださる | Express that someone of higher status kindly does something for you or your group; 'kindly do (for me)'. | |
| Verb て くださいませんか | Polite request for asking someone for a favor. | |
| Verb てあげる | Used to express doing something for someone; 'do something for someone'. | |
| Verb て + さしあげる | Humbly express doing something for someone of higher status; 'do (something) for (a superior)'. | |
| Verb て もらう | Express receiving a favor or action from someone. | |
| Verb てもらえませんか | A polite way to ask for a favor or request someone to do something. | |
| Verb ていただく | Humbly express having someone of higher status do something for you; 'have (someone) kindly do'. | |
| Verb て いただけませんか | A polite request; 'Could you please...', 'Would you mind...' | |
| Verb てもらいたい | Express a desire to receive a favor or service from someone else. | |
| Verb ていただきたい | Express a polite request or desire that someone does something for you. | |
| Verb て ほしい | Express a desire for someone else to do something; 'I want (someone) to'. | |
| Noun を くれる | Expresses that someone gives a thing to the speaker or someone close to the speaker. | |
| Noun を あげる | To give something to someone; 'give', 'offer', 'present'. | |
| Noun を さしあげる | A polite way of expressing to give something. | |
| Noun もらう | To receive or get something from someone; 'to receive', 'to get'. | |
| Nounをいただく | To receive or accept something politely; 'to receive', 'to get', 'to accept'. | |
| Nounをくださる | Honorific version of くれる: someone of higher status gives something to the speaker or the speaker’s group. | |
| ～なくてもいい | Expresses that something is not necessary to do; 'it's okay if not', 'don't have to'. | |
| ～し、～し、～ | Express multiple reasons or characteristics; 'and', 'because', 'since'. | |
| ～たらいい | Expressing a desire or suggestion for a particular outcome; 'it would be good if', 'should', 'I hope'. | |
| ～ないといけない | Express a necessity; 'must', 'have to', 'need to'. | |
| ～ても/でも | Expresses 'even if' or 'even though'; used to convey contradiction or contrast. | |
| ～なくちゃいけない | Express the obligation to do something; 'have to', 'must', 'need to'. | |
| ～なきゃいけない | Express a necessity or obligation; 'must', 'have to'. | |
| ～そうだ | Express the appearance, seeming, or feeling of something; 'looks like', 'seems', 'appears'. | |
| ～ようだ | Expresses appearance, similarity or inference; 'it seems', 'it looks like', 'it appears'. | |
| ～みたいだ | Indicates similarity, resemblance or 'like'; 'it seems', 'appears', 'looks like'. | |
| ～かもしれない | Express uncertainty; 'maybe', 'might', 'possibly'. | |
| ～なくてはいけない | Expresses the necessity or obligation; 'must', 'have to'. | |
| ～かなあ | Expresses uncertainty or wonder; 'I wonder', 'I'm not sure'. | |
| ～かしら | Indicates uncertainty or doubt; 'I wonder', 'I'm not sure'. | |
| あまり～ないです | Express 'not really' or 'not very'; the softer, conversational polite form (the stiffer one is ～ません). | |
| あまり～ありません | Express partial negation with a polite negative form; 'not very', 'not much', 'not often'. | |
| Verb ようと思う | Express intention or plan to do something; 'I think I will', 'I plan to', 'I intend to'. | |
| まだ〜ないです | Expresses that something has not happened or been done yet; the softer, conversational polite form (the stiffer one is ～ません). | |
| ～と思う | Express one's thoughts or opinions; 'I think', 'I believe'. | |
| ～かどうか | Used to express 'whether' or 'if' in indirect questions or statements. | |
| まだ～ません | Expresses that something has not happened or been done yet polite form. | |
| Verb るときに | Describes the time when a certain action takes place; 'when', 'at the time'. | |
| Verb た ときに | Express that the main action happens after, or as, another action is completed; 'when', 'after'. | |
| Verb る ところ | Express that an action is just about to start; 'about to', 'just going to'. | |
| Verb て いる ところ | Describes an action that is currently happening; 'in the middle of', 'in the process of'. | |
| ～たり、～たり します | Used to list multiple actions or states; 'do things like', 'and'. | |
| Verb た ところ | Expresses the situation right after an action has taken place. | |
| Verb ながら | Expresses 'while' or 'as' in the sense of doing two things simultaneously. | |
| ～たり～たり | Used to list multiple actions or states; 'doing things like', 'and so on', 'etc.' | |
| ～なければ ならない | Express obligation or necessity; 'must', 'have to', 'need to'. |
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