JLPT Grammar List
Every grammar point from N5 to N1, with how to form it and example sentences.
JLPT N2
173
| ～だけましだ | Expresses that although the situation isn’t ideal, it could be worse; 'it’s not great, but at least...'. | |
| ～そうにない | Express the unlikelihood of something happening; 'not likely', 'doesn't seem'. | |
| ～かのようだ | Express a similarity or comparison; 'as if', 'like', 'as though'. | |
| ～ようがない | Expresses that there is no way (method) to do something; it's impossible to do. | |
| ～よりほかない | Express that there is no other choice; 'have no choice but', 'cannot do anything but'. | |
| ～どころか | Express 'far from', 'not just', 'not only', or 'to say nothing of'. | |
| ～どころではない | Express that a pressing situation leaves no room for something; 'this is no time for', 'in no position to'. | |
| ～としても | Express a supposition that does not change the result; 'even if', 'even assuming that'. | |
| ～というものだ | Expressing a general rule or common sense. | |
| ～とは限らない | Expresses that something is not necessarily true; 'not always', 'not necessarily'. | |
| ～と～ともに | Expresses 'together with' or 'along with'; used to describe two events or actions happening simultaneously or in parallel. | |
| ～もかまわず | Express disregard for something people would normally worry about; 'without caring about', 'ignoring'. | |
| ～も～ば～も～ | Lists multiple attributes or actions applying to the same subject: 'both…and…', 'not only…but also…'. | |
| ～も同然だ | Indicates 'as good as', 'virtually', or 'practically' the same as something. | |
| ～次第 | Expresses 'as soon as' (when used with Verb-ますstem) or 'depending on'. | |
| ～次第で | Indicates 'depending on; based on' a certain factor or situation. | |
| ～次第です | Formally explain the circumstances behind one's action; 'that is why', 'this is how it came about'. | |
| ～末 | Express the outcome after a period of time or series of actions; 'after', 'as a result of'. | |
| ～あげく | Express a usually unwanted result after a long or troublesome process; 'after much ~, in the end', 'ended up'. | |
| ～折には | Express a particular occasion in formal speech or writing; 'when', 'on the occasion of'. | |
| ～がい | Expresses 'worth doing' for verbs. | |
| ～かいがあって | Used to express that an effort is worth it or has value; 'to be worth the effort' or 'to pay off'. | |
| ～かいもなく | Expresses the meaning of 'without worth', 'in vain', 'fruitless'. | |
| ～気味 | Indicates a slight feeling or tendency toward a particular state. | |
| ～恐れがある | Express a concern or fear that something undesirable might occur. | |
| ～ば～というものでもない | Not necessarily true that if A, then B. | |
| ～向け | Indicating target or intended audience. | |
| ～やら～やら | List a few examples among many, often implying hassle or mixed feelings; 'what with A and B', 'A and B among other things'. | |
| ～ことから | Indicates the reason or basis for something; 'because', 'since', 'due to'. | |
| ～ことに | Placed before a statement to give the speaker's feeling about it; 'to my surprise', 'unfortunately', 'happily'. | |
| ～を中心に | Indicates that something is centered around or focused on a main topic or area. | |
| ～を問わず | Means 'regardless of' or 'irrespective of'. | |
| ～を込めて | To express that something is done with a certain feeling, intention, or emotion. | |
| ～を通じて | Expresses 'through', 'throughout', or 'during'. | |
| ～を頼りに | To rely on or depend on something or someone. | |
| ～をきっかけに | Indicates that something serves as a trigger or starting point for another action/event. | |
| ～を～として | Express 'as', 'in the capacity of', or 'taking something as...'. | |
| Noun を はじめ | Meaning 'starting with', 'including', 'not only... but also'. | |
| Noun を はじめとして | Expresses 'starting with', 'beginning with', or 'including'. | |
| Noun を はじめとする Noun | Indicates a representative example of a group; 'starting with', 'including', 'such as'. | |
| Noun を めぐって | Express a topic that people argue, debate, or compete over; 'over', 'concerning', 'surrounding'. | |
| Noun を めぐる Noun | Describe something like a dispute or debate surrounding a topic with several sides; 'over', 'concerning', 'surrounding'. | |
| Noun を もとに | Based on; drawing from; using as a reference. | |
| Noun を もとにして | Based on; using; utilizing. | |
| Noun の ことだから | Used to provide a reason or explanation based on one's knowledge about the noun; 'since', 'because', 'knowing'. | |
| Noun につき | Indicates the reason, cause, or condition for something; 'due to', 'regarding', 'per'. | |
| Noun にて | Expresses location or means; 'at', 'in', 'by', 'with'. | |
| A。しかも B。(A. Shikamo B.) | Expressing additional information; 'moreover', 'besides', 'furthermore'. | |
| A。それでも B。(~sore demo) | Express that B is still true even though A would suggest otherwise; 'even so', 'nevertheless', 'still'. | |
| A。それなのに B。(~sorenanoni) | Express contrast or a contradiction between two situations or facts; 'even though', 'despite', 'but still'. |
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