All JLPT grammar
N1

Noun はおろか~すら

Expresses 'not to mention ~, even ~'.

At a glance

Noun はおろか、~すら means "let alone ~, not even ~". You name a bigger thing, then say that even a smaller, more basic thing is not true. The tone is emphatic and often shows surprise or frustration.

Noun₁ はおろか、Noun₂ すら / さえ / も ~

彼かれは漢字かんじはおろか、ひらがなすら読よめない。 He can't even read hiragana, let alone kanji.


How to form it

Attaches to Pattern Example
Noun Noun はおろか 漢字かんじはおろか
Verb dictionary form + こと Verb ことはおろか 走はしることはおろか
Second item Noun + すら / さえ / も ひらがなすら
Second item (verb) Verb ことすら / さえ / も 歩あるくことすらできない

Register: formal. It is more common in writing and formal speech.

Examples

  • 彼かれは走はしることはおろか、歩あるくことすらできない。

    He can't even walk, let alone run.

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The rest of the lesson

When to use it, common mistakes, nuances and a quick check, with spaced repetition to make it stick.

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