Imperative Form (commands)
ๅฝไปคๅฝข ยท Lesson 12
Plain and polite commands: "Do it!" vs "Please do it."
n4
Plain imperative is direct (often rude or casual): Godan uses ใ-row (ๆธใ), Ichidan ใ or ใ (้ฃในใ / ้ฃในใ). Polite imperative uses ใฆ-form + ใใ ใใ (ๆธใใฆใใ ใใ "please write"). Negative: ใชใใง (don't) or ใชใใงใใ ใใ (please don't).
Rules
- Godan plain: Change to ใ-row. ๆธใโๆธใ, ้ฃฒใโ้ฃฒใ.
- Ichidan plain: ้ฃในใโ้ฃในใ or ้ฃในใ. ่ฆใโ่ฆใ or ่ฆใ.
- ใใ: ใใ or ใใ. ๆฅใ: ๆฅใ (ใใ).
- Polite (all): ใฆ-form + ใใ ใใ.
Plain imperative by Godan ending
Same as ใฆ-form without ใฆ/ใง. Hover for example.
| Dictionary ending | Plain imperative (ใ-row) | Polite (ใฆ + ใใ ใใ) | Example (plain) |
|---|---|---|---|
| ใ | ใ | ใฃใฆใใ ใใ | ๆญใ |
| ใ | ใ | ใใฆใใ ใใ | ๆธใ |
| ใ | ใ | ใใงใใ ใใ | ๆณณใ |
| ใ | ใ | ใใฆใใ ใใ | ่ฉฑใ |
| ใค | ใฃใฆ | ใฃใฆใใ ใใ | ๅพ ใฆ |
| ใฌ | ใญ | ใใงใใ ใใ | ๆญปใญ |
| ใถ | ใน | ใใงใใ ใใ | ้ใน |
| ใ | ใ | ใใงใใ ใใ | ้ฃฒใ |
| ใ (Godan) | ใ | ใฃใฆใใ ใใ | ่ตฐใ |
Ichidan and irregular
| Type | Plain imperative | Polite (request) |
|---|---|---|
| Ichidan | ้ฃในใ / ้ฃในใ | ้ฃในใฆใใ ใใ |
| Ichidan | ่ฆใ / ่ฆใ | ่ฆใฆใใ ใใ |
| ใใ | ใใ / ใใ | ใใฆใใ ใใ |
| ๆฅใ | ๆฅใ (ใใ) | ๆฅใฆใใ ใใ |
Example sentences
ใใใซๅบงใฃใฆใใ ใใใ
Please sit here.
ๅพ ใฃใฆใใ ใใใ
Please wait.
่งฆใใชใ (plain, strong)
Don't touch.
ๆฅใใงใใ ใใใ
Please hurry.
You know plain and polite commands, and ใฆใใ ใใ for requests.
Next up: Continue to Desire Form (ใใ) below to say "want to do." ้ ๅผตใฃใฆ๏ผ