Complex Forms (polite past, polite negative, etc.)
่คๅๅฝข ยท Lesson 14
Combined forms: polite past (ใพใใ), polite negative (ใพใใ), past negative (ใชใใฃใ), and their combinations.
Complex forms combine polite/negative/past in one conjugation. They appear in the conjugation game as: Polite Past (ใพใใ), Polite Negative (ใพใใ), Polite Negative Past (ใพใใใงใใ), Negative Past (ใชใใฃใ).
Overview
- Polite past: ใพใใ โ same stem as ใพใ + ใพใใ (e.g. ๆธใใพใใ).
- Polite negative: ใพใใ โ same stem + ใพใใ (e.g. ๆธใใพใใ).
- Polite negative past: ใพใใใงใใ (e.g. ๆธใใพใใใงใใ).
- Negative past (plain): ใชใใฃใ โ ใชใ changes to ใชใใฃใ (e.g. ๆธใใชใใฃใ, ้ฃในใชใใฃใ).
Polite past (ใพใใ) โ same stem as ใพใ
Hover for example.
| Ending | Polite past | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ใ | ใใพใใ | ๆญใใพใใ |
| ใ | ใใพใใ | ๆธใใพใใ |
| ใ | ใใพใใ | ่ฉฑใใพใใ |
| ใ | ใฟใพใใ | ้ฃฒใฟใพใใ |
Polite negative & polite negative past
| Form | Godan (example) | Ichidan | ใใ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Polite negative (ใพใใ) | ๆธใใพใใ | ้ฃในใพใใ | ใใพใใ |
| Polite negative past (ใพใใใงใใ) | ๆธใใพใใใงใใ | ้ฃในใพใใใงใใ | ใใพใใใงใใ |
Negative past (plain ใชใใฃใ)
ใชใ โ ใชใใฃใ. Godan: ใ-row + ใชใใฃใ (ๆธใใชใ โ ๆธใใชใใฃใ). Ichidan: ้ฃในใชใ โ ้ฃในใชใใฃใ.
| Type | Negative (ใชใ) | Negative past (ใชใใฃใ) |
|---|---|---|
| Godan | ๆธใใชใ | ๆธใใชใใฃใ |
| Ichidan | ้ฃในใชใ | ้ฃในใชใใฃใ |
| ใใ | ใใชใ | ใใชใใฃใ |
Example sentences
ใใฎใไปไบใไผใฟใพใใใ
I took the day off work yesterday. (polite past)
่ใฏ้ฃในใพใใใ
I don't eat meat. (polite negative)
ไผ่ญฐใซใฏๅบใพใใใงใใใ
I didn't attend the meeting. (polite negative past)
ๆจๆฅใฏไฝใ้ฃในใชใใฃใใ
I didn't eat anything yesterday. (plain negative past)
You can combine polite, negative, and past (ใพใใ, ใพใใ, ใชใใฃใ, etc.).
Next up: Continue to Passive Form below for "is done" and "was done (to someone)." ้ ๅผตใฃใฆ๏ผ