Japanese has two adjective types that behave differently. Knowing which type a word belongs to tells you exactly how to modify nouns, form negatives, and make adverbs.
Tap a card to highlight its column and examples below.
Conjugation comparison
| Form | い-adj (たかい) | な-adj (しずか) |
|---|---|---|
| Before noun | たかいレストラン | しずかなへや |
| Plain present | たかい | しずかだ |
| Polite present | たかいです | しずかです |
| Negative | たかくない | しずかではない |
| Polite negative | たかくないです | しずかではありません |
| Past | たかかった | しずかだった |
| Polite past | たかかったです | しずかでした |
| Adverb form | たかく(買った) | しずかに(なる) |
い-adj adverb: replace い→く. な-adj adverb: replace な→に.
Each form in a real sentence
Before noun
Negative form
Past form
Adverb form
Special case: いい (good)
いい is an い-adjective but conjugates irregularly its stem changes to よ:
いい
present
よくない
negative
よかった
past
よく
adverb
Trap: きれい looks like an い-adj but isn't
きれい (beautiful/clean) ends in い but is actually a な-adjective. The い is part of the kanji reading (綺麗), not the conjugation marker.
✗ Wrong
きれいくない / きれいかった
✓ Correct
きれいじゃない / きれいだった
Other な-adj ending in い: きらい (dislike), ゆうめい (famous), ていねい (polite)
Key tells: い-adj stem ends in consonant + い (さむい, たかい). If removing い leaves a standalone Japanese word (or it's a loanword ending in い like きれい), it's probably な. When unsure check the dictionary.