At a glance
～かいもなく means "in vain" or "even though (I did something), it didn't pay off". It is used when an effort or action did not bring the result you hoped for.
Verb (た-form) + かいもなく、[disappointing result]
Noun + の + かいもなく、[disappointing result]
努力したかいもなく、試験に落ちてしまった。 Despite all my effort, I failed the exam.
How to form it
かいもなく follows the た-form of a verb or a noun + の, because the effort has already been made.
| Attaches to | Form | Example |
|---|---|---|
| う-verb | た-form | 待ったかいもなく |
| る-verb | た-form | 調べたかいもなく |
| する verb | した | 努力したかいもなく |
| 来る | 来た | 来たかいもなく |
| Noun | Noun + の | 手術のかいもなく |
Register: mostly written language and formal speech. The end of the sentence can be polite or plain.